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Uko wakora ubushakashatsi wifashishije murandasi

How Does Pegasus Work?

Uko wakora ubushakashatsi wifashishije murandasi

Hashize igihe kirekire abasomyi ba GIJN bakora ubushakashatsi kuri murandasi batangira bifashisha ibikoresho by’ubushakashatsi kuri murandasi na tekiniki z’ubucukumbuzi bya Paul Myers, uri ku isonga mu bakorera BBC amaperereza kuri murandasi. Urubuga rwe rwitwa “Ivuriro ry’ubushakashatsi” rukungahaye ku nzira zihuza imbuga z’ubushakashatsi n’“ibikoresho byo kwigiraho.” Dore ikgereranyo cyerekana uburyo washakisha abantu ku murongo Myers yerekanye ku rubuga rwa GIJN mu mwaka wa 2019. Ndetse n’inkuru ya GIJN ivuga ku byo yerekanye muri GIJC19, Ibibazo 4 ku gihangange mu maperereza yo ku murongo (murandasi), Paul Myers.

Reba kandi abandi bayobozi ba Myers kuri gijn.org:
Koresha Twitter kugirango ushake abantu kuri Scene yinkuru iriho
Hindura mushakisha yawe: Koresha Add-on kubushakashatsi bwawe bwurubuga
Mushakisha Add-ons (Part 2): Gusubira inyuma mugihe
GIJN’s Investigative Toolbox, inkuru ya GIJN’s Alastair Otter, ireba amasomo yatoranijwe:

SpyOnWeb, VirusTotal, and SpiderFoot HX (By Brian Perlman)
Tracking Names and Websites, Verifying Video, a Clustering Search Engine
Digging for People, Trawling the Web and Keeping Yourself Safe
Backgrounding People and Companies
Mine Twitter and Monitor Website Updates
Beyond Spreadsheets and Deep Searching the Web
Ibindi bikoresho
Agasanduku k’ibikoresho byakwifashishwa mu maperereza yo ku murongo ka Bellingcat gakubiyemo ibikoresho bitandukanye ku ikarita, gushakisha bishingiye ku miterere y’isi, amashusho, imbuga nkoranyambaga, ubwikorezi, amakuru yatanzwe mu buryo bw’amashusho, impuguke n’ibindi
Malachy Browne’s Toolkit: Utuyira turenga 80 duhuza ibikoresho by’iperereza byifashishwa n’umwe mu bapererezi kabuhariwe mu by’ubucuruzi. Mu gihe uyu munyamakuru umaze igihe atangaza inkuru ze muri New York Times yarangizaga gutanga isomo rye mu nama ya GIJC17, benshi mu barikurikiye basabye gukorana na we.

Jake Creps atanga ibitekerezo by’ingirakamaro kuri blog ye. Yakiriye kandi “podcast”, “osintpodcast.com.” Creps afite ubunararibonye mu busesenguzi bw’amakuru mu bikorwa bya leta n’abikorera
OSINTcurio.us igaragaraho “podcasts” buri cyumweru, imbuga za interineti n’ “inama z’iminota 10” kuri videwo ikubiyemo ibintu byinshi byo gukora iperereza ryeruye. Ni umushinga rusange watangijwe n’inzobere zigera ku 10 mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2018.

Uburyo umuntu ashobora gukora ipepereza kuri murandasi ashaka kumenya: Ni nde, Hehe, na Ryari. Urundi rutonde rukomeye rwakozwe n’inzobere mu gushakisha kuri interineti Henk Van Ess. Reba kandi “Ninde Washyizeho ibi,” ijambo ry’ibanze rya Facebook ushobora gukoresha mu gushakisha inyandiko kuri Facebook zifite ijambo ry’ibanze muri yo, ku munsi wihariye cyangwa hagati y’amatariki abiri,” igitekerezo cya Van Ess cyanogejwe na Daniel Endresz.
Uburyo bwo gukora iperereza ku bimenyetso bigaragara bufite urutonde rurambuye kandi rugenda rwiyongera rw’ibikoresho by’iperereza
Inama ku gushakisha kuri Google

Koresha ipaji ya google y’ishakisha ryimbitse hamwe n’amabwiriza yabo ku bushakashatsi buhanitse. Na none, Google ifite amasomo yo guhugura abanyamakuru, harimo n’isomo ku gushakisha, isomo mu “gushakisha gufite imbaraga”, n’ibindi byinshi.

Ku rutonde rw’amabwiriza y’ingenzi, reba uburyo bwiza bwo gushakisha kuri google bwatanzwe na Paul Myers
Ku bintu byiza by’ibanze, reba inama EpertiseFinder iha abanyamakuru ku bijyanye no gukora ubushakshatsi wifashishije Google

Uhereye aha, gerageza:
Ishakisha rya Daniel Russell hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bwe buhanitse hakoreshejwe Google.
Inama 37 ku bushakashatsi buhanitse bukoresheje Google zatanzwe na Erike Melillo muri “COFORGE”
Ishakisha rihanitse rikoresheje google: Inama n’abatekinisiye ku bushakashatsi bwiza byatanzwe na David Vranicar w’i Oberlo
Ishakisha rihanitse rikoresheje google: Uburyo wabona amakuru meza (ku buryo bwihuse).
Abatekenisiye mu bushakashatsi bukoresheje Google: Urutonde rwuzuye (42 Abatekinisiye 42 bakomeye) rwatanzwe na Joshua Hardwick.
Ubushakashatsi buhanitse bukoresheje Google bwakozwe n’inzu y’ibitabo ya Kaminuza ya San Antonio muri leta ya Texas.
Umushakashatsi Buzz yanditse “Kujya ku Ishuri Rishaje” hagamijwe gukemura ikibazo cya Google kijyanye no gusobanura uburyo bwo kuvana imbuga zimwe mu mbuga z’ishakisha
Imashini 17 zikomeye z’ishakisha ushobora gukoresha aho gukoresha Google, zatangajwe n’ikinyamakuru “Search Motor” mu mwaka wa 2020
Ibikoresho bitemewe

Urubuga rw’ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, rwatangajwe na Giannina Segnini. Duhereye ku nama ku ishakisha rinoze kuri google, iki kiganiro kuri GIJC17 cyatanzwe n’umuyobozi wa Porogaramu ishinzwe itangazamakuru mu ishuri ry’itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Kolumbiya ryinjira mu gukoresha Google nk’ikiraro kigana ku rubuga rwimbitse ukoresheje urugero rwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge. Ibiganiro ku gukurikirana kontineri, ubwato, na gasutamo. Kongeraho ubushakashatsi kuri Facebook n’ibindi byinshi
Ni gute ushobora kuba umupererezi ku rubuga rugoye. Iyi nkuru ya GIJN isobanura inama zatanzwe na Albrecht Ude, umunyamakuru w’umudage, umushakashatsi, watanze ikiganiro mu nama ya 11 y’itangazamakuru rikora inkuru zicukumbuye ku isi. Ude yaravuze ati “Moteri z’ishakisha ntacyo zagufasha rwose mu kubona ibintu byose ku rubuga rugoye”. Inama ya mbere ya Ude ni ugutekereza bidasubirwaho, hagakurikiraho izindi nama. Reba kandi urupapuro rufitanye isano: Gushakisha no gukoresha ububiko bw’amakuru.

Agatabo kagufasha intambwe ku yindi ku kwinjira byoroshye ku rubuga rubuga rugoye, inkuru ya Paul Bischoff muri “VPN & Privacy”, ikinyamakuru cya Comparitech.com, isosiyete yo mu Bwongereza igamije gufasha abakiriya gufata ibyemezo basobanukiwe mu gihe biyandikishije kuri serivisi z’ikoranabuhanga nka VPNs

Hari n’ibindi bikoresho byinshi
“OSINT Essentials” ya Eoghan Sweeney itanga amahuza ageza ku bikoresho by’ubuntu na serivisi bifasha mu gusuzuma ku murongo, itangazamakuru rya dijitale, hamwe n’akazi keza k’ubutasi.
Sector035, yiyita ko igamije “Gusa igicucu,” itanga inama zitandukanye buri cyumweru, cyane cyane z’ingirakamaro muri jewolojiya. Ibitangariza muri “Week in OSINT na “Quiztime”
First Draft (Umushinga wa mbere), umuryango mpuzamahanga udaharanira inyungu ushyigikira abanyamakuru, uhuza byinshi mu bitabo byawo. Reba kandi inyandiko First Draft igenderaho mu kugenzura amakuru ku murongo (PDF) (2019) n’ibikoresho bijyanye n’amahugurwa.

Ibikoresho, Amahuza y’ingirakamaro & Ibikoresho, dukesha Raymond Joseph, umunyamakuru n’umutoza wa “Tip Media” yo muri Afrika y’Epfo. Impapuro esheshatu zuzuye amakuru kuri Twitter, imbuga nkoranyambaga, kugenzura, indangarubuga na IP, ibitabo bya telefone ku isi, n’ibindi. Mu kiganiro gifitanye isano na GICJ17, Joseph yasobanuye “Uko ushobora kuba umupolisi wo mu ikoranabuhanga”.

Kumenyekanisha ibitaboneka bifite ibibigenga bitandukanye ku rubuga rwabyo, harimo kuri “googleDorking,” tekinike yo gukoresha moteri z’ishakisha ku makuru yihishe ku rubuga rusange hamwe n’intege nke zerekanwa na seriveri rusange. Ibindi bitabo byifashishwa bikemura ikibazo cy’ishakisha rya “metadata” no gukoresha “WHOIS”

“Knowing Your Way Around The Command Line”, (Kumenya Inzira Yawe Hafi y’umurongo ukuyobora), dukesha Max Harlow, Ushinzwe Amakuru Y’ibyumba Bikuru by’amakuru mu kinyamakuru The Financial Times, byagaragajwe muri GIJC19. Ni iki gishoboka? Yavuze muri make: Shakisha nyir’urubuga, sesengura amakuru vuba bishoboka, huza amazina yanditse ku buryo butandukanye, huza amakuru yawe n’ububiko bwa interineti, shakisha byinshi birenze ku byanditse.

“AML RightSource”, ikigo cyigenga cyo muri Amerika “cyibanze gusa ku kurwanya inyerezwa ry’amafaranga(AML) / Amategeko y’ibanga rya banki (BSA) hamwe n’ibisubizo by’ibyaha by’amafaranga,” cyashyize hamwe impapuro z’ingenzi.
Iperereza rishingiye ku nyandiko (Investigate with Document Cloud) igikoresho cya Doug Haddix, Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa, Abanyamakuru bashinzwe iperereza n’abanditsi. Imfashanyigisho yo gukoresha miriyoni 1,6 y’inyandiko rusange isangiwe n’abanyamakuru, gusesengura no kwerekana inyandiko zawe bwite, gukorana n’abandi, gucunga ibikorwa by’akazi no gusangiza abandi ibyo wakoze ku murongo.
Igitabo cy’iperereza kuri LinkedIn Nathan Patin yakoreye Bellingcat mu mwaka wa 2019.

Ati: “Aka gatabo kagamije gutanga ibikoresho n’ubuhanga bifasha kumenya imyirondoro ya LinkedIn no gukuramo amakuru azagufasha guhita ujya ku zindi mbuga nkoranyambaga zijyanye n’intego.”
Igitabo gifasha mu iperereza ryimbitse (OSINT) Mikayeli Edison Hayden yandikiye ibigo bya Tow Centre for Digital Journalism mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’itangazamakuru rya “Columbia Graduate School” (2019) gikubiyemo ingingo zitandukanye:
• Itandukaniro hagati y’imbuga zifunguye n’izfunze
• Ubushakashatsi ku rubuga rufunguye
• Kugenzura ukuri kuri konti zo ku rubuga nkoranyambaga
• Kugenzura amashusho na za videwo
• Gucukubura urubuga rw’inyongera
• Gukoresha Ububiko, Kubika ibyo wakoze
• Kwiga Amahuriro mashya no gukorana n’abaturage b’abanzi.

Kubona Abahoze ari Abakozi, na James Mintz. Mintz wahoze akora iperereza ku giti cye, washinze akaba na perezida w’itsinda rya « Mintz », yagize ati« Inama icumi ku mbaraga zituma iperereza rigenda neza : gukorana n’aba kera ».
Ibikoresho n’inama mu gucukumbura kuri Facebook byagaragajwe n’abanyamakuru babiri bashinzwe iperereza mu kiganiro cyo muri 2019 na Brooke Williams, umunyamakuru w’iperereza wegukanye ibihembo akaba n’umwarimu wungirije ushinzwe imyitozo y’itangazamakuru muri kaminuza ya Boston na Henk van Ess, umuyobozi ushinzwe iperereza kuri Bellingcat.com
Mahuza y’iperereza ry’ubushakashatsi yatanzwe n’umwanditsi w’ubushakashatsi Margot Williams, atanga ibitekerezo byinshi, kuva ku “Gushakisha neza kuri Google” kugeza ku rutonde rw’imbuga z’ubushakashatsi za “Guru”.

Reba kandi urupapuro rwa GIJC19: Gahunda y’ubushakashatsi ku mushinga w’iperereza. Bureau Local collaborative tools ni urupapuro rwerekana umurundo w’ibikoresho birenga 80, bimwe muri byo bikaba ibikoresho by’ubushakashatsi, byatewe inkunga na Biro ishinzwe itangazamakuru rikora iperereza mu Bwongereza.
Ibikoresho by’abanyamakuru byagaragajwe na Samantha Sunne, bitanga amayeri mashya yo kubona imeli nko mu gihe ba nyirayo badashaka kuboneka.
Ishakisha ry’ibanze ku banyamakuru. Uru ruhererekane rw’amasomo yo kuri interineti rwa Datajournalism.com, rwigishijwe na Vincent Ryan, rukubiyemo ubushakashatsi buhanitse, kugenzura, kureba amashusho no gushushanya no gutahura aho abantu cyangwa ibintu biherereye ku ikarita.

Agasanduku k’ibikoresho by’abanyamakuru ba SPJ dukesha Sosiyete y’abanyamakuru b’umwuga muri Amerika, kateguwe na Mike Reilley. Harimo urutonde runini rw’ibikoresho by’ingirakamro.
IntelTechniques ni urubuga rwa Michael Bazzell, wahoze akora iperereza ku byaha by’ubugizi bwa nabi muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika none akaba umwanditsi n’umwarimu. Arushyiraho inyandiko ze, Ibanga, Umutekano, & ikiganiro cya “OSINT”.

World.192.com ifite urutonde rw’ububiko mpuzamahanga bwa telefone
Gukoresha igitabo cyanditsemo nomero za telephone mu bushakashatsi bwa dijitali, amabwiriza ya 2019 yatangajwe na Aric Toler wa Bellingcat.
Gukoresha ibikoresho bya “Chrome” mu kureba ku buntu inomero za telefoni zahishwe ku rubuga rusange rw’ubushakashatsi, byatangajwe mu mwaka wa 2019 na Sean Lawson, umwarimu muri kaminuza ya Utah.
Uko ushobora kubona impapuro z’ubushakashatsi bw’amasomo, byatangajwe na David Trilling, umwanditsi wa “Journalist’s Resource” ikorera mu kigo kitwa Harvard’s Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy”.

Gukoresha moteri yimbitse ishakisha urubuga mu bushakashatsi bujyanye n’amasomo, inkuru ya Chris Stobing muri VPN & Privacy, inyandiko ya Comparitech.com, isosiyete yo mu Bwongereza igamije gufasha abakiriya gufata ibyemezo byiza cyane iyo biyandikishije kuri serivisi z’ikoranabuhanga nka VPNs
Ubushakashatsi burenze Google: ibikoresho 56 bikomeye, bitaboneka, kandi byuzuye, ibikoresho biva muri “Open Education Database”, ikigo cyo muri Amerika gitanga igitabo cyumvikana cy’amasomo ku murongo ku biga ku buntu no ku biga bishyuye.

Icyumba cya moteri ( The Engine Room), umuryango mpuzamahanga utegamiye kuri Leta ukorera muri Amerika, washyizeho Intangiriro ku mutungo w’urubuga, urimo igice cyo gukora kopi y’amakuru kugira ngo kiyarinde gutakara cyangwa kuba yahindurwa.

Ibikoresho biva muri Startme.com. Umubare munini w’ibikoresho biva muri sosiyete yashizeho ibimenyetso byerekana umuyobozi. Isomero ritishyuza ririmo impapuro zifite amahuza amajana:
Addons
Databases
Search Engines
Tools
Verification Toolkit
Tutorials

Nk’urugero, ububikoshingiro ni urupapuro rufite amahuza y’ibintu byinshi, ku byerekeye ibintu byibwe, ikirere, ubusambo bukoresheje ikoranabuhanga, itangazamakuru, umuhanda, isesengura, kwandikisha indangarugero, inyubako, inyamaswa, drone, imari n’ibindi.
“Bates InfoTips”, yanditswe na Mary Ellen Bates, ni isoko nziza y’ibitekerezo bigezweho, nko kugabanya igihe mu gushakisha amakuru kuri Google no Gushakisha abantu ukoresheje “Facebook Graph Search”. Bates ni we washinze kandi akaba umuyobozi wa “Bates Information Services Inc”
“MakeUseOf” buri gihe igaragaramo inama nziza, nk’amashakisha a ne y’imbuga zidashyirwa ahagaragara.
Ibikoresho bitandatu byihariye by’ubuntu kandi by’ibanze mu bushakashatsi utari uzi ko ukeneye, byatangajwe n’ikinyamakuru “Search Engine Journal”
Iki gikoresho cyerekana kamera zidakingiye ziri hafi yawe, inkuru yatangajwe muri “Motherboard” isobanura uburyo kamera ishobora gufata aderesi, ikimenyetso cyihariye, cyangwa guhuza no kwerekana kamera zahujwe na enterineti ku ikarita.
Iperereza ku ivomo ry’amakuru rifunguye (OSINT), inkuru ndende yanditswe n “umushakashatsi-umwanditsi-igisambo cy’amakuru kuri murandasi-” Ian Barwise muri “Medium”, ikubiyemo tekinike nka “Google dorking.”
Nyuma ya GDPR: gukora ubushakashatsi ku iyandikwa ry’izina rya domeni Kureba ingaruka z’amabwiriza rusange yo kurinda amakuru y’ibihugu by’i Burayi, bigatuma gukora ubushakashatsi ku iyandikwa ry’izina rya domeni bigorana, bikenera ibikoresho n’ubuhanga bitandukanye, nk’uko “OSINTCurious” ibivuga.
Uko wakandika ibishushanyo mbonera bya Facebook, Inama za 2020 WikiHow ku buryo bwo gukoresha igishushanyo mbonera cya Facebook cyo gushakisha inyandiko, ibitekerezo, abantu, n’ibindi bigo kuri Facebook
Igitabo cyuzuye cy’ubushakashatsi bwa TweetDeck kibaho (Birashoboka ko) cyanditswe na Charlotte Godart, ushinzwe iperereza n’umutoza wa Bellingcat (2019).
Gushakisha umutungo mu by’ubucuruzi wihishe. Ikiganiro mu nama idasanzwe y’ishyirahamwe ry’amasomero mu mwaka wa 2019, cyatanzwe na Mary Ellen Bates ku gushakisha amakuru ku rubuga rugoye.

Gushakisha igikoresho cyiza cya “OCR”, n’icyo Twabonye, cyanditswe na Ted Han na Amanda Hickman muri “Source” (2019).
Ishakisha ry’ahantu rya Instagram. Reba ibisobanuro bya Instagram ku bundi buryo bwo gushakisha

This article originally appeared on the website of the Global Investigative Journalism Network and is reposted with permission.

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